Real-Time Single-Molecule Studies of RNA Polymerase–Promoter Open Complex Formation Reveal Substantial Heterogeneity Along the Promoter-Opening Pathway

Anssi M. Malinen, Jacob Bakermans, Emil Aalto-Setälä, Martin Blessing, David L.V. Bauer, Olena Parilova, Georgiy A. Belogurov, David Dulin, Achillefs N. Kapanidis

Journal of Molecular Biology (2022)

Published on December 4, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167383

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