From gut to lung: Microbiota-derived metabolites reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment 

    Prabesh Baniya et al.

    EXCLI J. 2026 Aug 20;25:1383-1387. doi: 10.17179/excli2026-9646. eCollection 2026.

    Published on October 7, 2026

    Abstract

    ABSTRACT

    Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and non- small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which comprises the vast majority of lung cancer cases, has benefited from major therapeutic progress through targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although ICIs targeting the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/pro- grammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have revolutionized the management of advanced NSCLC, only a subset of patients achieves durable clinical benefit, underscoring the urgent need to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic strategies that can improve treatment effi- cacy. Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota shapes the pulmonary tumor micro- environment, including in NSCLC (Jin et al., 2019).

    PMID:42840252 | PMC:PMC13639179 | DOI:10.17179/excli2026-9646

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